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In Microsoft Excel, the $ symbol in a formula is used to create an absolute cell reference. This means that when you copy the formula to another cell, the reference with the $ sign will not change.
For example, in the formula =A1 + $B$1:
A1 is a relative reference, which will change when copied to another cell.
$B$1 is an absolute reference, which will always point to cell B1, no matter where the formula is copied.
The $ symbol can be placed in different parts of the reference:
$A$1 locks both the column and row.
A$1 locks only the row.
$A1 locks only the column.
This feature is very helpful when working with fixed values like tax rates, interest percentages, or any constant that should not shift while copying formulas.
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