“Khad” and “Rama” are intelligence agencies belonging to which country?

KHAD and RAMA are well-known intelligence agencies associated with Afghanistan, and they hold an important place in the country’s modern political and security history. KHAD, which stands for Khadamat-e Aetla'at-e Dawlati (State Intelligence Agency), operated primarily during the 1980s under the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan. It was one of the most powerful organizations in the country at the time and served as the main intelligence and security body. KHAD was responsible for counter-intelligence, internal surveillance, border security, and gathering information on groups that threatened state authority. Due to the political conditions of that era, KHAD became heavily involved in monitoring opposition movements and maintaining state control, especially during the Soviet-Afghan period.

 RAMA, on the other hand, functioned as a military intelligence unit and worked in coordination with KHAD to strengthen the government’s security network. Together, these agencies helped the Afghan government manage internal unrest, foreign influence, and insurgent activities. Their role was particularly significant during times when Afghanistan was struggling with political instability and external pressure. Although both agencies belong to specific historical periods and have since evolved or been replaced by newer structures, their names continue to appear in discussions about Afghanistan’s intelligence history.