MCQ Detailed View

The Fatimid Caliphate was formally established in 909 CE, but it reached its political and religious prominence after moving its capital to Egypt in 969 CE. The Fatimids were an Ismaili Shia dynasty who claimed descent from Fatimah (RA), the daughter of Prophet Muhammad (SAW), and Ali (RA).

Originally founded in Ifriqiya (present-day Tunisia and eastern Algeria), the Fatimids expanded eastward and eventually conquered Egypt. Under the leadership of General Jawhar al-Siqilli, Cairo (al-Qahirah) was founded in 969 CE and became the capital of the Fatimid Caliphate. Egypt served as the center of Fatimid power for over two centuries.

The Fatimids were known for their advancements in architecture, science, arts, and religious tolerance. They established Al-Azhar University in Cairo in 970 CE, which remains a globally renowned center of Islamic scholarship. Though the Caliphate had earlier roots in North Africa, Egypt was where it flourished, centralized its administration, and projected power across much of the Islamic world.

Key Facts:

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  The Fatimid Caliphate was officially established in 909 CE in Ifriqiya (modern-day Tunisia).

  
  


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  It moved its capital to Egypt in 969 CE after a successful military campaign.

  
  


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  Cairo was founded by the Fatimids and became the political and cultural center of their rule.

  
  


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  Al-Azhar University, one of the world’s oldest Islamic institutions, was established by the Fatimids.

  
  


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  The Fatimid dynasty followed the Ismaili branch of Shia Islam.

  
  


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  The Caliphate reached its height in Egypt, where it lasted until 1171 CE.

  
  


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  They promoted knowledge, trade, and religious pluralism within their domains.

  
  


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  Egypt was the central and most influential territory of the Fatimid Caliphate.