MCQ Detailed View

Transistors are fundamental components in modern electronic devices. They act as switches or amplifiers and are crucial for the functioning of computers, radios, and many other gadgets. The two elements most frequently used in making transistors are silicon and germanium.

Both silicon and germanium are semiconductors, meaning their electrical conductivity lies between that of conductors (like metals) and insulators (like rubber). This unique property allows them to control electrical current precisely, which is essential for transistor operation.

Silicon is the most widely used material for transistors due to its abundance, stability, and excellent semiconductor properties. It forms the backbone of the modern electronics industry. Silicon transistors are durable, efficient, and can operate at higher temperatures.

Germanium was used in the first transistors developed in the 1940s. Although less common today, germanium still plays a role in some high-speed and specialized electronic applications because of its high electron mobility.

Other elements listed, such as boron and aluminium, are used as dopants. Dopants are small amounts of impurities added to semiconductors to change their electrical properties, but they are not the primary materials for making transistors. Iridium and tungsten are metals used in other types of electronics but not as the base semiconductor material in transistors.

Understanding the role of silicon and germanium helps in grasping how electronic devices work and why these materials are vital to modern technology.