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The correct answer is Fission. An atomic power plant, also known as a nuclear power plant, generates electricity through the principle of nuclear fission. In this process, the nuclei of heavy atoms such as uranium-235 or plutonium-239 are bombarded with neutrons, causing them to split into smaller nuclei. This splitting releases a huge amount of energy in the form of heat, along with more neutrons that sustain a chain reaction.
The heat produced in fission is used to convert water into steam, which drives turbines connected to electricity generators. This makes nuclear fission a controlled and efficient method of large-scale power generation.
It is important to differentiate this from other processes:
Fusion is the joining of light nuclei (like hydrogen isotopes) to form a heavier nucleus. It also releases large amounts of energy (as in the Sun), but it requires extremely high temperatures and is not yet used in commercial power plants.
Thermal combustion refers to burning fossil fuels (coal, oil, gas), which releases chemical energy, not nuclear energy.
The combined effect option is incorrect, as atomic power plants only rely on nuclear fission.
Atomic power plants are significant because they produce huge amounts of electricity with relatively small amounts of fuel. They also do not release carbon dioxide during operation, making them cleaner compared to fossil fuel plants. However, challenges include radioactive waste disposal, high costs, and safety concerns.
Atomic power plants operate on nuclear fission.
Heavy nuclei (U-235, Pu-239) split into lighter nuclei, releasing energy.
Energy is converted into steam → turbine → electricity.
Fusion powers the Sun, but is not yet practical for power plants.
Advantage: Large energy output with less fuel.
Limitation: Radioactive waste and nuclear safety issues.
👉 Final Answer: An atomic power plant works on the principle of Fission.
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