MCQ Detailed View

Filtration is a common laboratory process used to separate insoluble solid particles from a liquid. The liquid that passes through the filter is called the filtrate, while the solid retained on the filter is called the residue. Filtration is widely used in chemistry, biology, and environmental science to purify liquids and remove unwanted particles.

In this process, a porous material such as filter paper, cloth, or a membrane is used. The pores allow the liquid to pass through while blocking solid particles. Filtration can be applied in various scenarios, from simple laboratory experiments to industrial processes like water purification and air filtration systems.

Other options in the question are incorrect. Drying removes moisture from substances but does not separate solids from liquids. Sieving separates particles based on size but is used for solids, not liquids. Extraction transfers a solute from one solvent to another but is not used for separating insoluble particles from liquids.

Filtration is important in physical chemistry because it helps prepare pure substances for reactions and analyses. It is also used in the food, pharmaceutical, and chemical industries to ensure product safety and quality.

Practical examples include removing sand from water, filtering precipitates from chemical reactions, and clarifying juices or solutions. Filtration demonstrates fundamental concepts of particle size, solubility, and physical separation methods, which are essential for students to understand mixture separation.

Thus, the process used to separate insoluble particles from liquids is filtration, making it a key concept in laboratory techniques and physical chemistry.