Which one of the following compounds is known as Chloroform?

Chloroform (CHCl₃), chemically known as trichloromethane, is a halogenated hydrocarbon formed by replacing three hydrogen atoms of methane (CH₄) with chlorine atoms. It is a colorless, volatile liquid with a sweet, pleasant odor and a high density compared to water.

Structure and Composition:

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  Molecular formula: CHCl₃

  
  


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  Structure: One carbon atom bonded to one hydrogen atom and three chlorine atoms.

  
  


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  Type of compound: Haloalkane (specifically trihalomethane).

  
  

Preparation:
Chloroform can be prepared in the laboratory by chlorination of methane or ethanol in the presence of sunlight or heat. For example:
CH₄ + 3Cl₂ → CHCl₃ + 3HCl

This reaction occurs in steps, forming methyl chloride (CH₃Cl), methylene chloride (CH₂Cl₂), and finally chloroform (CHCl₃).

Properties:

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  Boiling point: Around 61°C

  
  


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  Solubility: Insoluble in water but miscible with organic solvents.

  
  


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  Nature: Non-flammable but decomposes in air and light to form phosgene (COCl₂), a toxic gas.

  
  

Chemical Behavior:
Chloroform is a non-polar solvent, commonly used to dissolve fats, alkaloids, iodine, and other non-polar substances. It reacts with air and sunlight to form phosgene, which is poisonous, so it is usually stored in dark, airtight bottles containing alcohol as a stabilizer.

Uses:

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  As a solvent in organic synthesis and extraction.

  
  


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  In the production of fluorocarbons like Freon-22 (CHClF₂).

  
  


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  Formerly used as a general anesthetic, though now discontinued due to its toxicity.

  
  

Key Facts:

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  Common Name: Chloroform

  
  


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  IUPAC Name: Trichloromethane

  
  


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  Formula: CHCl₃

  
  


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  Boiling Point: 61°C

  
  


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  Used As: Solvent in organic reactions

  
  

✅ Correct Answer: C) CHCl₃