Ethene (C₂H₄), also known as ethylene, is a simple unsaturated hydrocarbon containing a carbon–carbon double bond. It plays a significant biological role as a natural plant hormone responsible for controlling various physiological processes, including the ripening of fruits.
In nature, fruits...
Read More
Ethene (C₂H₄), also known as ethylene, is a simple unsaturated hydrocarbon containing a carbon–carbon double bond. It plays a significant biological role as a natural plant hormone responsible for controlling various physiological processes, including the ripening of fruits.
In nature, fruits produce ethene themselves during the ripening stage. However, in commercial agriculture, this process is often enhanced artificially by exposing unripe fruits to ethene gas under controlled conditions. This method ensures that fruits ripen uniformly and become ready for sale in a shorter time.
Mechanism of Action:
Ethene gas triggers the production of specific enzymes within the fruit that break down complex carbohydrates, starches, and acids into simpler sugars, which gives fruits their sweet taste. It also promotes the breakdown of chlorophyll (green pigment) and the formation of carotenoids and anthocyanins, which are responsible for the yellow, orange, and red colors of ripe fruits. Additionally, ethene softens the fruit by modifying the cell wall structure.
Key Examples:
Bananas, mangoes, papayas, and tomatoes are commonly ripened using ethene gas.
Ethene is much safer than calcium carbide, which was once used but is now banned due to health hazards.
Chemical Nature of Ethene:
Molecular Formula: C₂H₄
Structure: CH₂=CH₂ (contains a double bond)
Type: Unsaturated hydrocarbon (alkene)
Industrial Production:
Ethene is produced by cracking petroleum hydrocarbons or dehydrating ethanol.
Key Facts:
Gas used: Ethene (C₂H₄)
Type: Plant hormone and alkene
Effect: Accelerates ripening by enzyme activation
Safer alternative: Replaces calcium carbide for commercial ripening
✅ Correct Answer: B) Ethene
Discussion
Leave a Comment