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Polymers can be classified as linear, branched, or cross-linked depending on how their monomer units are arranged. Linear polymers consist of long, straight chains of repeating units with little or no branching. This regular arrangement allows the polymer chains to pack closely, resulting in high density, strength, and crystallinity.
Among the given options, High density polythene (HDPE) and Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) are linear polymers.
HDPE: Produced by polymerizing ethylene under low pressure using Ziegler–Natta or Phillips catalysts. Its chains are unbranched and tightly packed, giving it high density, hardness, and tensile strength. HDPE is widely used in making containers, pipes, toys, and household goods.
PVC (Polyvinyl chloride): Formed by polymerizing vinyl chloride monomers, PVC is also largely linear in nature. Its strong intermolecular forces make it rigid and durable. PVC is used in pipes, cables, flooring, and packaging materials.
On the other hand,
Low density polythene (LDPE) is a branched polymer. It is produced under high pressure, which results in many side branches on the polymer chain. This reduces density and crystallinity, making LDPE soft and flexible. It is used in making plastic bags, films, and squeeze bottles.
Thus, the correct answer is Both A and C (HDPE and PVC), as they are clear examples of linear polymers.
Linear polymers are important because they provide strength, rigidity, and durability compared to branched or cross-linked varieties. Their closely packed structures also make them resistant to chemicals and high temperatures.
In conclusion, HDPE and PVC are classic examples of linear polymers, while LDPE is branched and Bakelite is cross-linked.
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