Algebra was invented by:

Algebra was invented by Muhammad ibn Musa Al-Khwarizmi, a Persian mathematician who lived during the 9th century. He is often referred to as the "father of algebra" due to his significant contributions to the development of this branch of mathematics. Al-Khwarizmi's seminal work, "Al-Kitab al-Mukhtasar fi Hisab al-Jabr wal-Muqabala," introduced the systematic solution of linear and quadratic equations, laying the groundwork for modern algebra. The term "algebra" itself is derived from the word "al-jabr," which means "completion" or "restoration," reflecting the techniques he outlined for solving equations.

Al-Khwarizmi's influence extended beyond his era, as his methods were translated into Latin and became fundamental to the mathematical curriculum in Europe during the Middle Ages. His work not only provided a comprehensive approach to solving equations but also introduced the use of variables and the concept of algorithms, which are essential in both algebra and computer science today. The dissemination of his ideas through translations played a crucial role in the transition from ancient to modern mathematics.

In summary, the invention of algebra can be attributed to the innovative contributions of Muhammad ibn Musa Al-Khwarizmi, whose methods and writings formed the basis for future mathematical advancements. Understanding the historical context of algebra and its development is vital for anyone preparing for competitive exams, as it highlights the evolution of mathematical thought and its significance in various scientific fields.