Which element in Group VIA (Group 16) of the Periodic Table is a non-metal?

Group VIA, now referred to as Group 16 in the modern periodic table, is known as the oxygen family or chalcogens. This group includes the elements oxygen (O), sulfur (S), selenium (Se), tellurium (Te), and polonium (Po). The elements in this group show a gradual change in their metallic character from top to bottom.

Sulfur (S) is a non-metal in this group. It exhibits typical non-metallic properties such as high electronegativity, low density, brittleness, and poor electrical conductivity. Sulfur forms covalent compounds like sulfur dioxide (SO₂) and sulfur trioxide (SO₃), and it commonly shows oxidation states of +4 and +6. It does not conduct electricity and exists as a yellow solid under standard conditions.

As we move down the group, the metallic character increases. Selenium (Se) is a metalloid, showing both metallic and non-metallic behavior. Tellurium (Te) also acts as a metalloid, while polonium (Po) is metallic in nature. This gradual change occurs because atomic size increases and electronegativity decreases down the group.

The non-metallic nature of sulfur makes it an important element in many industrial and biological processes. It is used in the manufacture of sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄), rubber vulcanization, and fertilizers. Sulfur is also essential for life, as it is found in amino acids like cysteine and methionine.

Hence, within Group 16 elements, sulfur (S) is clearly identified as a non-metal, showing strong covalent bonding, high electronegativity, and resistance to metallic conduction.