MCQ Detailed View

Nitric acid is a strong inorganic acid widely used in laboratories, chemical synthesis, fertilizers, and explosives. Its correct molecular formula is HNO₃, which indicates that each molecule consists of one hydrogen (H) atom, one nitrogen (N) atom, and three oxygen (O) atoms.

The formula HNO₃ distinguishes nitric acid from other nitrogen-oxygen acids:

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  HNO₂ is nitrous acid, which has one less oxygen atom.

  
  


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  HN₂O₂ is not a standard acid and does not exist in common chemistry.

  
  


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  H₂NO₄ is also incorrect, as nitric acid contains only one hydrogen atom.

  
  

Nitric acid is a colorless or slightly yellow liquid with a strong, pungent odor. Its chemical structure allows it to act as a strong oxidizing agent in addition to being a proton donor in acid-base reactions. Understanding its molecular formula is crucial for stoichiometry, molarity calculations, and chemical reactions, such as the formation of nitrates and nitric esters.

In organic and inorganic chemistry, the molecular formula helps identify the composition and properties of a compound. For example, in industrial applications, knowing the exact number of hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen atoms is essential to calculate reactant ratios, yields, and reaction conditions.

In summary, the molecular formula of Nitric acid is HNO₃, indicating its composition of 1 hydrogen, 1 nitrogen, and 3 oxygen atoms, which is a fundamental fact in inorganic chemistry studies and practical applications.