MCQ Detailed View

Biogas is a renewable source of energy produced by the anaerobic digestion of organic matter. The process involves the breakdown of biodegradable materials in the absence of oxygen by microorganisms. The major component of biogas is methane (CH₄), usually 55–65%, along with carbon dioxide (CO₂), and small amounts of hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) and water vapor.

The most common raw material used for biogas generation is animal waste, especially cow dung. This is because animal waste is rich in organic matter and can decompose easily under anaerobic conditions. Cow dung mixed with water forms a slurry that is fed into a biogas digester. Inside the digester, microbes break down the waste and release methane-rich gas. This gas can be used for cooking, heating, and even for generating electricity.

Other materials such as crop residues, food waste, and sewage can also be used, but animal waste remains the most practical and widely available source in rural and agricultural regions. Forest residues and aquatic plants can produce some biogas, but they are less efficient and not commonly used on a large scale.

The solid by-product left after biogas production is called digestate, which is rich in nutrients and used as an organic fertilizer in farming. This makes the process eco-friendly and sustainable.

Biogas plants not only provide a clean source of energy but also help in waste management, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and improving sanitation. Using animal waste for biogas prevents open dumping, which otherwise leads to foul smell, flies, and release of methane directly into the atmosphere.

Therefore, the material most commonly used for biogas generation is animal waste, which makes the process both energy-efficient and environmentally beneficial.