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The Qur’an includes Surahs named after prophets, events, objects, and even significant historical battles. Surah Al-Ahzab (The Confederates) is one of these Surahs, named after the famous Battle of Ahzab (Ghazwa-e-Ahzab), also called the Battle of the Trench. This battle was a defining moment in Islamic history.
The Battle of Ahzab took place in 5 AH (627 CE) in Madinah when multiple Arab tribes, including the Quraysh and Jewish groups, formed an alliance (confederation) to eliminate the Muslims. Because of this alliance, they were called Ahzab. To defend Madinah, the Muslims, under the guidance of Prophet Muhammad (SAW), adopted a unique strategy. Following the advice of Salman al-Farsi (RA), they dug a trench (Khandaq) around the city, a tactic unfamiliar to the Arabs of that time.
The trench successfully blocked the enemy’s cavalry, preventing them from entering Madinah. Despite being outnumbered, the Muslims, with faith and patience, stood firm. The confederates eventually lost morale, disbanded, and retreated after facing harsh weather and internal disagreements.
Unity and Patience: Muslims are reminded of the importance of collective effort and reliance on Allah.
Dealing with Hypocrites: The Surah exposes the attitude of hypocrites who discouraged believers during the siege.
Honor of Prophet Muhammad (SAW): The Surah contains verses highlighting the Prophet’s high status and respect in the Muslim community.
Trust in Allah: Despite being fewer in number, Muslims were victorious because of their faith and reliance on divine help.
Room (Surah Ar-Rum): Refers to the Romans, not a battle.
Ahzab (Correct): Directly refers to the Battle of Ahzab/Trench.
Fathi (Surah Al-Fath): Refers to the victory of Hudaybiyyah, not a direct battle name.
Nasr (Surah An-Nasr): Refers to Allah’s help and victory, not a specific war.
Thus, the Surah named after a Holy war is Surah Al-Ahzab.
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