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The rules regarding prisoners of war are mentioned in Surah Al-Anfal (8:67–70). This Surah was revealed after the Battle of Badr, the first major battle in Islamic history. In these verses, Allah provided guidance on how to deal with captives taken during war.
The Quran outlines two main options: either release them with kindness or set them free for ransom. These instructions highlighted mercy, justice, and humanity, which stood in sharp contrast to the cruelty practiced in pre-Islamic Arabia and other nations of that era.
The Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) personally set an example by ensuring that the captives from Badr were treated with fairness and compassion. The companions were instructed to feed the prisoners well, even if it meant giving them better food than what they themselves had. Some prisoners were released on the condition that they would teach literacy to Muslim children, showing Islam’s emphasis on knowledge and rehabilitation over punishment.
These rulings became a cornerstone in the development of Islamic international law (Siyar), proving that Islam preserved human dignity even in times of war.
Key Facts:
Rules for prisoners of war are in Surah Al-Anfal (8:67–70).
Revealed after the Battle of Badr.
Two options: free with kindness or release for ransom.
Islam forbids torture or cruelty against captives.
Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) ensured merciful treatment of prisoners.
Forms the basis of Islamic laws of warfare and justice.
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