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In Islamic teachings, Wudu (ablution) has 4 Faraiz (obligatory acts) which are:
Washing the face.
Washing both arms up to the elbows.
Masah (wiping) of a part of the head.
Washing both feet up to the ankles.
Apart from these obligatory acts, there are 14 Sunnah acts of Wudu. These Sunnah actions were regularly performed by Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) and completing them ensures that a Muslim performs Wudu in the most proper and rewarding way. These Sunnah acts include:
Making the intention (Niyyah) before starting.
Saying “Bismillah”.
Washing both hands up to the wrists three times.
Using Miswak or cleaning the teeth.
Rinsing the mouth three times.
Rinsing the nose three times.
Washing each part three times except Masah.
Starting from the right side.
Doing Masah of the whole head.
Wiping the ears.
Maintaining the correct order (Tarteeb).
Performing actions consecutively without long gaps.
Washing between fingers and toes (Khilal).
Completing Wudu without wasting water.
Performing these Sunnah acts, along with the 4 Faraiz, makes Wudu more complete, brings spiritual rewards, and follows the way of the Prophet (ﷺ). Missing a Sunnah does not make Wudu invalid, but it reduces its perfection and reward.
Wudu has 4 Faraiz (compulsory acts) mentioned in the Qur’an (Surah Al-Ma’idah 5:6).
Along with them, there are 14 Sunnah acts followed by Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ).
Sunnah actions increase spiritual rewards and cleanliness.
Missing Sunnah does not break Wudu but affects its completeness.
Proper Wudu is essential for the validity of Salah (prayer).
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