MCQ Detailed View

The Umayyad Caliphate, which was established in 41 A.H (661 CE) after the era of the Rightly Guided Caliphs, lasted for almost 91 years. It was one of the largest Islamic empires in history, with its capital in Damascus, Syria. The dynasty reached its peak under rulers like Caliph Abdul Malik ibn Marwan and Caliph Umar ibn Abdul Aziz (R.A).

The downfall of the Umayyads in Damascus occurred in 132 A.H (750 CE) when the Abbasid Revolution succeeded in overthrowing them. The final Umayyad ruler, Marwan II, was defeated at the Battle of the Great Zab by Abbasid forces, leading to the end of Umayyad rule in the eastern Islamic lands. The Abbasid dynasty then established its capital in Baghdad, shifting political power to Iraq.

A small branch of the Umayyad family survived and later established the Umayyad Emirate in Al-Andalus (Spain), continuing their rule in the western Islamic world.

Key Facts:

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  The Umayyad dynasty ruled the Islamic empire from 41 A.H to 132 A.H.

  
  


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  The downfall in Damascus happened in 132 A.H (750 CE).

  
  


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  The Abbasid Revolution, led by Abu al-Abbas al-Saffah, ended Umayyad rule.

  
  


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  The Battle of the Great Zab marked the decisive defeat of the Umayyads.

  
  


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  A surviving Umayyad branch established the dynasty in Al-Andalus after 132 A.H.