MCQ Detailed View

The Charter of Medina, also known as the Constitution of Medina, was drafted by Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) in the 1st Hijri year (622 CE) shortly after his migration (Hijrah) from Makkah to Medina. This historic document is regarded as the first written constitution in Islamic history, establishing a framework for peaceful coexistence among different communities living in Medina, including Muslims (Muhajirun and Ansar), Jews, and other tribes.

The main purpose of the charter was to unite all inhabitants of Medina under a mutual agreement of rights, responsibilities, and protection. It declared Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) as the political leader, while ensuring religious freedom, collective defense, justice, and equality before the law.

The Charter of Medina helped create stability and harmony in the newly formed Islamic state and became a foundational example of Islamic governance, tolerance, and social justice.

Key Facts:

• 
  

  Name: Charter of Medina (Sahifat al-Madina).

  
  


• 
  

  Year drafted: 1 Hijri / 622 CE.

  
  


• 
  

  Author: Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ).

  
  


• 
  

  Purpose: Establish peace, define rights and responsibilities, ensure justice among Muslims and non-Muslims.

  
  


• 
  

  Key features:

  
  
  
  
  • 
    

    Recognition of Muslims and Jews as one community (Ummah).

    
    
  
  
  • 
    

    Protection of religious freedom.

    
    
  
  
  • 
    

    Collective defense against enemies.

    
    
  
  
  • 
    

    Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) as leader and arbiter in disputes.

    
    
  
  
  
  


• 
  

  Historical importance: Considered the first written constitution in Islamic history.