Who may conduct the search of an arrested person under Section 51?

Section 51 of the Criminal Procedure Code (CrPC) 1898 provides clear authority and procedure for the search of an arrested person. According to this section, the officer making the arrest has the right and duty to search the individual at the time of arrest. This power is granted to ensure that no dangerous items, such as weapons, or incriminating evidence, are concealed or destroyed by the accused after being taken into custody.

The officer conducting the search must do so lawfully, respectfully, and transparently. The items found during the search, except for the person’s necessary clothing, should be taken into safe custody. These seized articles can later serve as material evidence during the trial. Proper record-keeping is crucial — officers are required to make a written inventory or seizure memo to maintain transparency and accountability in handling such items.

An essential safeguard provided in this section relates to female persons. If the arrested person is a woman, the search must be conducted only by another female and with strict regard to decency and privacy. This rule upholds the dignity and modesty of women and reflects the humanitarian intent of the law.

This provision ensures that the search process is both effective and just. It prevents the concealment of evidence or weapons while also protecting individuals from unnecessary humiliation or abuse of power by law enforcement. The underlying principle is that lawful authority must be exercised with fairness and respect for human rights.

Section 51, therefore, represents an important procedural safeguard in criminal investigations — balancing the need for effective law enforcement with the rights and dignity of individuals in custody.

Key Facts:

• Search under Section 51 is conducted by the officer making the arrest.


• Purpose: To find weapons, contraband, or evidence.


• Seized items (except clothing) must be kept in safe custody.


• Female searches must be done by female officers.


• Promotes transparency, accountability, and fairness.


• Ensures respect for human dignity and decency.


• Helps in preventing destruction or concealment of evidence.