According to Section 48 of CrPC 1898, if entry cannot be obtained, a police officer may:

Under Section 48 of the Criminal Procedure Code (CrPC) 1898), a police officer is authorized to break open any outer or inner door or window of a house or place if entry cannot be obtained in the normal manner while executing a lawful arrest. This power is granted when the officer has already announced his authority and purpose, but entry is denied or obstructed by the person in charge of the premises.

The provision ensures that law enforcement officers can perform their duty effectively without being hindered by unlawful resistance or refusal. However, it also establishes a safeguard—before breaking open any door or window, the officer must first demand entry and clearly state the reason for it. Only after this demand is denied may force be used. This condition maintains a balance between the rights of citizens and the necessity of enforcing justice.

Section 48 complements Section 47 CrPC 1898, which allows lawful search of places where an accused is suspected to be hiding. Together, these sections outline the procedure for police officers to enter, search, and arrest while minimizing the possibility of misuse or violation of privacy.

By empowering officers to act decisively in specific situations, the law aims to ensure that justice is not obstructed and that offenders cannot escape by simply locking doors or refusing entry.

Key Facts:

• Section 48 CrPC 1898 allows police to break open doors or windows if entry is denied.


• The officer must first demand entry and declare authority.


• This power can be used for executing lawful arrests or searches.


• It serves as an extension of Section 47, dealing with entry and search of premises.


• Ensures effective enforcement of law and prevents obstruction of justice.


• Must be exercised reasonably and without unnecessary damage.


• Reflects the balance between public duty and private rights.


• Forms part of Chapter V – Arrest, Escape, and Retaking in CrPC 1898.