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Carpology comes from the Greek words karpos (meaning fruit) and logia (meaning study). It is a specialized branch of botany concerned with the scientific study of fruits and seeds. This discipline plays an essential role in plant taxonomy, ecology, agriculture, and evolutionary biology.
Seed Structure – Carpology examines the form, size, texture, and adaptations of seeds.
Fruit Types – Fruits are classified into categories such as simple, aggregate, and multiple fruits. Their dispersal mechanisms (wind, water, animals) are also studied.
Taxonomy and Identification – Many plants can be identified through their fruits and seeds, making carpology crucial for classification.
Evolutionary Studies – Fruits and seeds provide evidence for understanding plant evolution and relationships among species.
Agriculture – Knowledge of seed biology helps in crop improvement, hybrid seed development, and storage techniques.
Archaeobotany – Seeds and fruit remains from archaeological sites give insights into ancient agriculture and diets.
Medicinal Plants – Many seeds (e.g., fennel, cumin, mustard) are used in medicine and food industries.
Biodiversity Conservation – Seed banks preserve rare and endangered species for future use.
Studying wheat seeds helps in improving grain yield.
Coconut and dandelion fruits show how seeds adapt to dispersal methods like water and wind.
Fossilized seeds help reconstruct past ecosystems.
Carpology is vital because seeds and fruits are the reproductive units of flowering plants. Understanding their structure and function ensures progress in food security, environmental conservation, and plant science research.
Carpology = Study of seeds and fruits
Important in taxonomy, agriculture, and archaeology
Helps in crop development and biodiversity conservation
👉 Correct Answer: Option 3 – Seeds and Fruits
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