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1 BIOLOGY MCQS

The Blood Grouping Was Discovered by ?

  • Robert Oppenheimer
  • Karl Landsteiner
  • Dr Hollerith
  • None of them
Correct Answer: B. Karl Landsteiner

Detailed Explanation

Blood grouping is a crucial discovery in medicine that allows for safe blood transfusions. In 1901, the Austrian immunologist Karl Landsteiner identified that human blood is not uniform but falls into different types. He discovered the ABO blood group system, which divides blood into four types: A, B, AB, and O.


🔹 How Blood Grouping Works




  • Blood contains antigens on the surface of red blood cells and antibodies in the plasma.




  • Incompatible transfusions can cause the immune system to attack the donor blood, leading to agglutination (clumping) and potentially fatal reactions.




  • By knowing the blood group of both donor and recipient, safe transfusions are possible.




🔹 Importance of Karl Landsteiner’s Discovery




  1. Medical Safety: Enabled blood transfusions without risk of immune reactions.




  2. Transplantation: Understanding blood types is vital for organ and tissue compatibility.




  3. Forensic Science: Blood typing became a tool for criminal investigations.




  4. Genetics: Helped understand inheritance of blood groups and human genetics.




🔹 Key Timeline




  • 1901: Landsteiner discovers A, B, O blood groups.




  • 1902: Karl Landsteiner receives recognition for his work.




  • Later, AB blood group was identified by his colleagues, completing the ABO system.




🔹 Why Not Other Options?




  • Robert Oppenheimer: Physicist, known for the atomic bomb, unrelated to blood.




  • Dr Hollerith: Known for tabulating machine and early computing, unrelated to blood.




  • None of them: Incorrect, as Karl Landsteiner is the correct scientist.






✅ Key Facts Recap




  • Discoverer: Karl Landsteiner




  • Year: 1901




  • System: ABO blood group system




  • Importance: Safe blood transfusions, genetics, forensics




  • Blood types: A, B, AB, O




👉 Correct Answer: Option 2 – Karl Landsteiner

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